![Chart of deaths from typhoid fever in Philadelphia from 1860 to 1936](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/Typhoid-Deaths-1860-1936_v6_BESTrev.jpg?w=300)
![Chart of deaths from typhoid fever in Philadelphia from 1860 to 1936](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/Typhoid-Deaths-1860-1936_v6_BESTrev.jpg?w=300)
![Diagram and description of the typhoid bacteria](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/TyphoidBacteria_20040990136_700h.jpg?w=300)
Typhoid bacteria diagram, 1905
![Bird's eye color view of reservoirs, green areas of foliage, pink roads and blue water, with a dam prominent](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/05_I6-2_1839_GRV17_750w.jpg?w=300)
Fairmount and vicinity, 1839
![Frederick Graff’s drawing of the 1815 steam engine, adapted from a design by Englishmen Matthew Boulton and James Watt, shows the engine from the north, with Faire Mount and the reservoirs to the left of the drawing and the river to the right. The 1815 engine sat on the south side of the Engine House and was thus called the South Engine. As Graff indicated in his drawing, the Engine House was essentially open from river level to the roof in order to accommodate the massive beam and fly wheel of the two engines. While Graff showed the crank attached to the axle of the fly wheel, he left the crank shaft and the pump out of the drawing. The North Engine, designed and built in 1816 by Philadelphian Oliver Evans, advanced steam engines’ operating pressures from 2 pounds per square inch (psi) to 200 psi, a significant technological achievement.](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/Course05_Graff0419.jpg?w=300)
Steam engine drawing, Frederick Graff Sr., 1815
![Lab tech at Philly Home Show, 1960](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/OriginalPhoto_20041050194-scaled.jpg?w=300)
Lab tech, water cleaning demo, Philly Home Show, 1960
![Spring Garden water testing lab, 1901](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/B.1_FINAL_1986.002.0381_edit-scaled.jpg?w=300)
Bureau of Water Spring Garden Testing Station, 1901
![Belmont Works Engine House](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/2004.057.0074.001-1-scaled.jpg?w=300)
Engine House of the Belmont Works
![Laboratory Alkalinity test, ca. 1943](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/2012.002.0034.jpg?w=300)
Laboratory Alkalinity test, ca. 1943
![Hands holding a silver river herring fish](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/RiverHerring.jpg?w=300)
River herring from the Schuylkill
![Photo of a woman looking at a jar of raw, untreated sewage](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/DR_SewageJar.jpg?w=300)
Jar of raw sewage before treatment, 2000
![Spring Garden Sewage Experiment Station, used to test water filtration methods](https://waterhistoryphl.org/wp-content/uploads/DR_SpringGardenSewExpSta1911.jpg?w=300)